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＃TED-010＃第42周打卡
Carlos, who volunteered as the Vietnam vet Marine for three tours, got shot up. In 1971, he was medically retired because he had so much shrapnel in his body. He was setting off metal detectors. For the next 42 year, he suffered from nightmares, extreme anxiety in public, isolation, depression. He self-medicated with alcohol. He was married and divorced three times. He had post-traumatic stress disorder.
The speaker now is a psychologist and he helps people to mitigate their suffering, especially the suffering caused by PTSD.
They put some veterans on heavy drugs.
Others they hospitalised and gave generic group therapy, said to them “just go home and try to forget about your experiences"
They also tried therapy dogs. wilderness retreats.
Some of may temporarily relieve stress, but didn’t really eliminate PTSD symptoms over the long term.
But now they can eliminate PTSD in huge numbers of veterans. Scientific research has been able to show which treatment get rid of symptoms and which do not.
Currently the best treatments for PTSD use many of the very same training principles that the military uses in preparing its trainees for war.
Making war, we human are good at since before we were even fully human. Since then, human have gone from using stone and sinew to developing the most sophisticated and devastating weapon system imaginable. To enable our warriors to use these weans, we employ the most cutting-edge training methods.
We are good at making war, we are good at training our warriors to fight, but not good at preparing them to come home. They are need to train on how to return to civilian life.
Veterans told him that one day they’re in a brutal firefight in Afghanistan where they saw carnage and death, and three days later, they found themselves toting an ice chest to their kid’s soccer game. They called this is “MindFuck”.
This was the experience they had have.
The best PTSD treatments require repetition.
They don’t simply hand trainees Mark-19 automatic grenade launchers and say, “here’s the trigger, here’s some ammo and good luck. "
They train them, on the range and in specific contexts, over and over and over until lifting their weapon and engaging their target is so engrained into muscle memory that it can be performed without even thinking, even under the most stressful conditions.
training-based treatments.
1) cognitive therapy 认知疗法 - kind of mental recalibration
When they came back from war, they begin drowning in worries about dangers that aren’t present; begin not trusting family or friends.They never advise veterans to turn off caution completely, but to adjust caution according to where they are. They train veterans to be fiercely rational, to systematically gauge the actual statistical probability of encountering.
2) exposure therapy - kind of field training
Carlos chose this treatment. They gave him exercises and challenging. E.g. going to grocery store, voting to a shopping mall, going to a restaurant, sitting with his back to the door.
First, he was very anxious. He wanted to sit where he could scan the room, where he could plan escape routes, where he could get his hands on a makeshift weapon. He wanted to leave, but he didn’t.
Step by step, his anxiety ratcheted down more and more, until in the end. He had effectively relearned how to sit in a public space and just enjoy himself.
He also listened to recordings of his combat experiences, until those memories no longer generated any anxiety. After 43 years, he finally haven’t had nightmares.
But the treatment may not work for everybody. There are trust issues.
Carlos can now enjoy outings with his grandchildren, which is something he couldn’t even do with his own children. And this only took him 10 weeks of intense training to get his life back after 43 years.
Well, the best way of ending human suffering caused by war is to never go to war. But it is not possible. Thus, if we send them to war, then we have to well-prepared for them to come back home to us.
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TSTS
@小牛儿 本周看的ted 任务完成啦
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