TED演讲集35: 如何培养成功的孩子--没有被过度教育
http://www.ted.com/talks/julie_lythcott_haims_how_to_raise_successful_kids_without_over_parenting
1.But at the other end of the spectrum, there's a lot of harm going on there as well, where parents feel a kid can't be successful unless the parent is protecting and preventing at every turn and hovering over every happening, and micromanaging every moment, and steering their kid towards some small subset of colleges and careers.
但如果走上另一个极端, 也会有很多坏处, 比如家长认为, 孩子自己不可能成功, 除非父母可以随时保护和纠正, 关注孩子的每件小事, 掌控他们的每个细节, 引导他们进入名牌大学, 找到好工作。
2.And here's what the checklisted childhood looks like. We keep them safe and sound and fed and watered, and then we want to be sure they go to the right schools, that they're in the right classes at the right schools, and that they get the right grades in the right classes in the right schools. But not just the grades, the scores, and not just the grades and scores, but the accolades and the awards and the sports, the activities, the leadership. We tell our kids, don't just join a club, start a club, because colleges want to see that. And check the box for community service. I mean, show the colleges you care about others.
清单式的生活,就是: 我们确保他们安全、健康、 吃好、喝好, 然后期望他们进入好学校, 并且是好学校的好班级, 在好学校好班级中还要取得好成绩。 并且不只是成绩,还要拿高分, 不只要好成绩和高分, 还要获得荣誉和奖项, 要参加运动、活动、还要有领导力, 我们告诉孩子,不要只是参加社团, 还要创建社团, 因为大学喜欢这样的学生。 还要参加社区服务, 我的意思是, 要让大学看到你会关心他人。
3.And when they get to high school, they don't say, "Well, what might I be interested in studying or doing as an activity?"They go to counselors and they say, "What do I need to do to get into the right college?"
等上了高中, 他们不会问,“我该对哪些课程, 哪些活动感兴趣呢?” 他们只会去问辅导员, “我要怎么做才能进入好大学?
4.we're just afraid they won't have a future we can brag about to our friends and with stickers on the backs of our cars.
只是我们认为 可以在朋友面前炫耀, 或者只是贴在车屁股上的未来。
5.And so with our overhelp, our overprotection and overdirection and hand-holding, we deprive our kids of the chance to build self-efficacy, which is a really fundamental tenet of the human psyche, far more important than that self-esteem they get every time we applaud. Self-efficacy is built when one sees that one's own actions lead to outcomes, not -- There you go.
随着我们的过度帮助, 过度保护,过度指导和过度关怀, 我们剥夺了孩子 建立自我能效的机会, 自我能效是人类心智的重要准则, 远比通过父母赞美建立起的自尊 更重要。 自我能效是当一个人看到自己的行动 能产生成果而建立起来的。
6.Not one's parents' actions on one's behalf, but when one's own actions lead to outcomes. So simply put,if our children are to develop self-efficacy, and they must, then they have to do a whole lot more of the thinking, planning, deciding, doing, hoping, coping, trial and error, dreaming and experiencing of life for themselves.
而不是父母代表他们做出的行动, 是他们自己的行动能产生结果。 简而言之, 如果我们的孩子要建立, 他们也必须建立自我能效, 就需要更多的为他们自己的人生 做更多思考、规划、决定、 行动、期望、应对、试验、犯错、 梦想以及体验。
7.What I'm saying is, we should be less concerned with the specific set of colleges they might be able to apply to or might get into and far more concerned that they have the habits, the mindset, the skill set, the wellness, to be successful wherever they go. What I'm saying is, our kids need us to be a little less obsessed with grades and scores and a whole lot more interested in childhood providing a foundation for their success built on things like love and chores.
我要说的是,这些会让他们 在自我认知上付出长期的代价。 我要说的是, 我们应该更少关注 具体哪些名牌大学 他们应该申请或进入, 而更多关注他们的 习惯、心态、技能、身心健康, 有了这些, 他们才能在哪儿都成功。 我要说的是, 孩子需要我们 少一点痴迷于成绩和分数,而将重点放在打造 一个能帮助他们为 成功奠基的童年上, 比如,爱, 比如,做家务。
8.Did I just say chores? Did I just say chores? I really did. But really, here's why. The longest longitudinal study of humans ever conducted is called the Harvard Grant Study. It found that professional success in life, which is what we want for our kids, that professional success in life comes from having done chores as a kid, and the earlier you started, the better, that a roll-up-your-sleeves- and-pitch-in mindset, a mindset that says, there's some unpleasant work, someone's got to do it, it might as well be me, a mindset that says, I will contribute my effort to the betterment of the whole, that that's what gets you ahead in the workplace. Now, we all know this. You know this.
我刚才是说做家务么? 确实是的。 说真的,这是有理由的。 史上历时最长的人类研究 被称作哈弗格兰特研究。 这项研究发现,专业上的成功, 也就是我们期望孩子达到的, 取决于小时候做的杂活, 越早开始越好, 这种挽起袖子开干的心态, 这种心态代表着: 可能有些不想做的工作, 总要有人去完成它, 这个人也可能就是我, 这种心态代表着: 我会尽力去改善整件事情, 这就是让你 在工作中获得先机的东西。我们都清楚这个道理,你们也都清楚。
9。We all know this, and yet, in the checklisted childhood, we absolve our kids of doing the work of chores around the house, and then they end up as young adults in the workplace still waiting for a checklist, but it doesn't exist, and more importantly, lacking the impulse, the instinct to roll up their sleeves and pitch inand look around and wonder, how can I be useful to my colleagues? How can I anticipate a few steps ahead to what my boss might need?
我们都已经清楚, 在清单式童年中, 我们不让孩子做家里的杂活, 当他们长大进入职场, 还在等待一个清单, 但这个清单并不存在, 更重要的是,他们缺乏动力和意识, 不能挽起袖子去开干, 不能望向四周,并心想, 我怎样才能帮上同事们的忙? 没有能力去思考我怎样才能 提前一步预见到老板的要求?
10.A second very important finding from the Harvard Grant Study said that happiness in life comes from love, not love of work, love of humans: our spouse, our partner, our friends, our family. So childhood needs to teach our kids how to love, and they can't love others if they don't first love themselves, and they won't love themselves if we can't offer them unconditional love.
哈弗格兰特研究的另一个重要发现, 人生的幸福, 来自于爱, 不是对工作的爱, 是对人的爱: 我们的配偶,我们的伙伴, 我们的朋友,我们的家庭。 所以我们要教孩子如何去爱, 要爱别人,他们要先学会爱自己, 想要他们爱自己, 我们就要给予他们无条件的爱。
11.Right. And so, instead of being obsessed with grades and scores when our precious offspring come home from school, or we come home from work, we need to close our technology, put away our phones,and look them in the eye and let them see the joy that fills our faces when we see our child for the first time in a few hours. And then we have to say, "How was your day? What did you like about today?" And when your teenage daughter says, "Lunch," like mine did, and I want to hear about the math test, not lunch, you have to still take an interest in lunch. You gotta say, "What was great about lunch today?"They need to know they matter to us as humans, not because of their GPA.
是的。 所以, 放下对成绩和分数的痴迷, 当我们亲爱的孩子放学回家, 或者我们下班回家, 我们要关掉电子设备, 把手机放到一边, 看着他们的眼睛, 让他们看到我们脸上洋溢的喜悦, 就像第一次看到我们初生的孩子。 然后我们应该说, “你今天过得怎样? 今天有什么高兴的事吗?” 然后你的女儿会说,“午饭”, 就像我女儿一样, 但我想听到的是数学考试, 不是午饭, 但你还是得表现出对午饭的兴趣, 你应该说, “今天的午饭哪里比较棒?” 他们需要知道, 他们本身对我们很重要, 而不是他们的学习成绩。
12.you don't have to go to one of the biggest brand name schools to be happy and successful in life. Happy and successful people went to state school, went to a small college no one has heard of, went to community college, went to a college over here and flunked out.
你不需要为了人生的幸福和成功, 而一定要去那些最有名的学校。 幸福和成功的人们 也会来自于公立学校, 来自于没人听过的学院, 来自于社区大学, 来自于附近的学校甚至被退学。
13.And more importantly, if their childhood has not been lived according to a tyrannical checklist then when they get to college, whichever one it is, well, they'll have gone there on their own volition, fueled by their own desire, capable and ready to thrive there.
更重要的是, 如果孩子不在 严格的清单约束下长大, 等他们进入大学, 不管什么大学, 都是他们自主决定的, 是他们自身渴望的, 想要在那里有一番作为。
14. and it's my job to provide a nourishing environment, to strengthen them through chores and to love them so they can love others and receive love and the college, the major, the career, that's up to them. My job is not to make them become what I would have them become, but to support them in becoming their glorious selves.
我的工作是提供成长的环境, 通过家务和爱,让他们变得强大, 爱他们,他们才会爱别人,接受爱。 上大学、选专业、找工作, 都由他们自己。 我的工作不是把他们 变成我想要的样子, 而是支持他们做辉煌的自己。
感悟:自从当妈以来,亲戚朋友同事就没少给自己灌输:孩子不能输在起跑线上,妈妈们普遍都有种成功的焦虑症,这种成功往往不是来自自己,而是自己的孩子得未来是否能出人头地。曾经也被龙应台的那段“孩子我为什么要求你读书“刷屏,“当你的工作在你心目中有意义,你就有成就感。当你的工作给你时间,不剥夺你的生活,你就有尊严。成就感和尊严,给你快乐。我要求你读书用功,不是因为我要你跟别人比成就,而是因为,我希望你将来拥有更多选择的权利,选择有意义、有时间的工作,而不是被迫谋生”“对我最重要的,不是你有否成就,而是你是否快乐。而在现代的生活架构里,什么样的工作比较可能给你快乐?第一,它给你意义,你的工作不把你绑架,让你做工作的俘虏,第二,它给你时间,容许你去充分体验生活,至于金钱和名声,哪里是快乐的核心元素呢?如果我们不是在跟别人比名比利,而只是在为自己找心灵安适之所在,那么连“平庸”这个词都不太有意义了。“平庸”是跟别人比,心灵的安适是跟自己比。千山万水走到最后,我们最终的负责对象,还是“自己”二字。因此,你当然没有理由去跟你的上一代比,或者为了符合上一代对你的想象而活。
结合上面的演讲,就很好理解了,我们不是要“放养”孩子,而是更多的让孩子选择自己认为有意义、感兴趣的工作,自己去体验自己选择后的成功、痛苦、失败,无论面对什么,都是自己选择的,让他以后有勇气去面对生活中的难题。那么我们应该怎么培养孩子,或者着重培养孩子哪些方面那?1.开朗乐观2.安静专注3.勇敢自信,勇敢自信是一个人潜能得意释放的精神源泉,是人们克服困难取得成功的重要保证,勇敢自信的孩子往往能创造奇迹。
我从来不提倡放养型的快乐教育,因为那是一种打着快乐之名,为自己的失职找心理安慰,丹也不觉得孩子早期考试成绩就多么重要,孩子早期的成绩真的具有决定性的吗?答案是否定的。因为早期成绩只具有参考性,甚至具有一定的欺骗性,不要太当真,而在这个阶段,孩子的学习习惯和行为习惯却应该排在第一位。
我特别欣赏一种母亲,她们平和而坚定,每天作息有规律,努力持家,勤俭有道,孩子知道妈妈在哪一点会做什么事,家里永远是井井有条又温馨安静的。当孩子一时不如意时,不打击而是理解,帮战孩子去进步,当孩子落后时,不会去拿其他孩子跟他比,而是发现他的优点,帮战他树立信心。她们关心孩子的学习,但是不说教,儿是通过每天的行动陪伴孩子。孩子读小学的时候就跟着孩子重走一遍小学路,将那些充满童稚的课文朗读出一番滋味,将加减运算也做出一番趣味。当孩子哪一门功课落后时,不是催催催,把他丢给培训班,而是跟着孩子一起去分析,去学习,找到方法,给孩子纠正。有父母这样支持,孩子的新会跟你挨的很近,你也会看到孩子每一次的进步。人生是一个大的比赛场。父母是孩子最重要的人生教练。所以当孩子的成绩不如心意时,不要太在意家长会上的点名,也不要觉得自己脸上无光。告诉自己,一切才刚刚开始,一切还来得及,沉住气,站住脚,陪孩子一起努力学习,相信努力付出,唯有努力不会辜负你的心意。