【2017/23】茨威格作品

TS TS 2017-08-01 15:05 阅读(2216)

本来是想分开的，还是把它们和到一起吧，都是茨威格的作品

前两篇是《茨威格文集第2卷》里面的

后面一个是他的最后一本书《昨日的世界》，这个刚开始读的英文版本，写了一些笔记。中文的听完了，笔记也没写。

《里昂的婚礼》

里昂大屠杀故事发生在1793年法国大革命时期的里昂。里昂在1793年选择支持La Gironde派，对抗法国皇室，因此里昂在雅各宾专政时期曾被包围两个月之久。他们大肆破坏，建筑工程停滞，房屋受到破坏。里昂到处都被关押着犯人。除了几座监狱，学校，地窖，修道院都成了监狱。这期间有超过二千人被处死。

本书描绘的是一群关在地窖里的犯人的故事。晚上新来了一批犯人，突然新来的犯人中一个少女呼喊一个男人的名字并且向他跑去。这两个年青人紧紧相拥。他们是青梅竹马的未婚夫妻，并且他们婚配的日子是和鲜血横流的日子是同一天。之前因为未婚夫去做任务，她从文书那打听到消息说未婚夫被抓了起来判处死刑。

这位姑娘选择了死。当她被投入死牢，却以外发现未婚夫没有死。他们在被处死之前在监狱里举行了婚礼，死而无憾啦。

《象棋的故事》

这是茨威格生前发表的最后一部中篇小说。故事是从一艘从纽约开网布宜诺斯艾利斯的轮船上开始的。一个象棋神童，成为了象棋届的世界冠军，也在这艘船上。第一人称“我”为了引出这位象棋奇才，得到了和这位奇才对弈的机会，从而引出了一位神秘的人物。

也由此引出了二战期间纳粹分子对人民的残酷行径。为了得到那些有权有势的人的财产而施行的政策，比送去集中营更折磨人啊。以前的我只知道纳粹对于犹太人民的伤害，送往集中营，劳动营等。但是没想过会把某些特别的人物隔离起来，终日见不到人，那种心灵上的摧残，那种心灵上的折磨，不知白天黑夜，真的会把人逼疯。

这位神秘人物就是在这种情况下，得到了一本象棋大师的棋谱。这是他唯一能和孤独与虚无斗争的东西了。也因此陷入了自己与自己的对弈中。

《昨日的世界》

这本书是茨威格的自传作品。书是在他流亡的时期写成的。而且这本书最开始还是在Stockholm出版的，在他的祖国奥地利却不可以。书中主要讲述的主要就是一战以前的维也纳，他的学习生涯以及后来的二战。这本书更吸引人的地方也是他描写了很多名人轶事，很多是我们熟悉的名人，却有很多小的不为我们熟知的故事。

整本书对我感触最深的，一是开头茨威格所描述的一战以前的维也纳的生活。二就是后面对二战的描述，以及自己流亡的生活。也是通过他的这本书，才让我对流亡人士有了点点理解。对于后面理解米兰昆德拉的流亡也有了一些体会。

茨威格的结局是不幸的，可是作为一名犹太人，在那个年代之下，他没有被送区集中营，没有被逼迫佩带大卫星。还能在萨尔茨堡居住那么久。

茨威格的一生是幸运。生长在富裕家庭里，享有优越的生活。他的好朋友都是名人。罗曼·罗兰，弗洛夷德等都是他的好朋友，且对他影响很深。作为一名犹太人，在那个年代之下，他没有被送区集中营，没有被逼迫佩带大卫星。还能在萨尔茨堡居住那么久。之后的他即使流亡，生活的也并没有很差。对于他，英国，美国，巴西对他都很好。他坐着火车离开自己的祖国的时候，或者在他自杀的那个瞬间。他是否知道有那么多的同胞被送区集中营，被送区毒气室呢？

可是他的一生也是不幸的，他经历了两次世界大战，欧洲曾经的辉煌已不复存在，他曾引以为傲的欧洲文明瞬间被战争摧毁。

他写这本书的时候，没有任何资料可供参考，全凭自己的记忆。

The book was first published in the original German in 1942, the year of his death, that the Second World War was still going on. He never knew the end of the story. He and his second wife committed suicide together in February 1942.

Zweig was born in 1881 in the great and mighty empire of the Habsburg Monarchy. He grew up in Vienna, an international metropolis for 2000 years. He had to steal away from it like a thief in the night before Vienna was demoted to the status of a provincial German town.

His works, in the language in which he wrote it, had been burnt to ashes in the country where his books made millions of readers their friends.

这开头是我特别喜欢的，才知道原来那个时候的奥地利这么牛

Golden Age of Security

That was Zweig called his childhood and youth before the First World War. In Austrian Monarchy, the rights it gave its citizens were affirmed;

1. a freely elected assembly representing the people

2. Austrian currency - crown, circulated in the form of shiny gold coins, everyone knew how much he owned and what his income was, what was allowed and what was not.

3. If you had wealth, you could work out precisely how much interest it would earn you every year.

4. Civil servants and officers were reliable able to consult the calendar and see the year when they would be promoted and the year when they would retire.

5. Every family had its budget and knew how much could be spent in food and lodging, summer holidays and social functions.

6. If you owned a house you regarded it as a secure home for your children and grandchildren.

7. Insurance industry were guaranteed. You insured your house against fire and theft, your land against damage by storms and hail, your body against accidents and sickness.

8. People bought annuities for their old age, put insurance policies in their girl children's cradles to provide their future dowries.

9. Working class organized themselves to demand certain level of wages as the norm, as well as health insurance schemes.

10. Servants saved for their old age, and paid ahehad of time into policies for their own funerals.

11. Electric lights brightly lit the streets by night. People who were far apart could speak to each other vie telephone. People were already racing along at new speeds in horseless carriage, and fulfilling the dream of Icarus by rising in the air.

12. The comfort of upperclass dwellings now reached the homes of middle classes; water no longer had to be drawn from wells or waterways. Fires no longer had to be laboriously kindled in the hearth. Hygiene was widespread, diet was disappearing.

13. People were becoming more attractive, stronger, healthier, and they were sporting activities to help them keep physically fit.

14. Science had worked all these miracles. Social welfare was also proceeding apace. From year to year more rights were granted to the individual, the judiciary laid down the law in a milder and more humane manner. The right to vote was granted to circle flung wider and wider. Sociologists and professors competed to make the lives of the proletariat healthier and even happier.

His father's family came from Moravia the Jewish communities. In the second half of the century came the industrial boom in Austrian. His father became a businessman. His father became a millionaire later on.

His mother came from an international family. She was born in Italy speaking both Italian and German. Her family had owned bank all over the world at an early date on the model of the great Jewish banking families. Her father went to Italy. Other relatives went to Vienna, Paris, St Gallen, New York etc. They were all bankers, company directors, professors, lawyers and medical doctors. Everyone spoke several languages.

Most Jewish classified or refined people. It is generally assumed that getting rich is a Jew's true and typical aim in life. However, most Jew would rather marry his daughter to an indigent intellectual than a merchant. So Jewish will try to give at least one son the chance of studying at university, and this would be an honor to the entire family.

During that period, Viennese liked music, dance, plays, but not military, not political. Most Viennese citizen looked at his morning papers first not to parliamentary debates or foreign affairs but to the theatrical repertory. No one would stare at the Prime Minister, but actors at the theater or an operatic diva.