1-along the lines of 大概是，差不多

In their 1999 paper, David Kunning and Justin Kruger put data to what has been known by philosophers since Socrates, who supposedly said something along the lines of "the only true wisdom is knowing you know nothing ".

2-replicate 复制，使……复现

3-surgeon 外科医生

Dunning and Kruger's results have been replicated in at least a dozen different domains: maths skills, wine tasting, chess and medical knowledge among surgeons.

4-ramification 可能的后果，派生影响

The ramifications of the Dunning-Kruger effect are usually harmless.

5-only to 不料却，没想到却

If you've ever felt confident in answering questions in an exam, only to have the teacher mark them incorrect, you have firsthand experience with Dunning-Kruger.

6-on the other end of the spectrum 另一方面

On the other end of the spectrum, the effect can be deadly.

7-speak up 大胆地说，仗义直言

He noted several plane crashes that could have been avoided if crew had spoken up to a overconfident pilot.

8-perceive 认为，视为

Are they so confident in their perceived knowledge that they will reject the very idea of improvement.