1-opt to do sth 选择去做某事

2-stall 小隔间，摊位

A decade ago, many Japanese were so embarrassed to be seen eating alone in the school or office cafeteria that they opt to eat in a bathroom stall.

3-comformity 遵从，循规蹈矩

The bar, which opened in mid-2018, represents an unusual opportunity in conformity-driven Japan-to go out and drink by yourself.

4-cram 塞入，挤进

5-archipelago 群岛

Japan's 125 million people were crammed into an archipelago a bit smaller than California and four-fifths of that land is mountainous and uninhabitable.

6-premium 宝贵

7-collectivity 集体性

8-fit in with others 合群

Place has long been at a premium and emphasis has been placed on collectivity and fitting in with others.

9-equation 因素

10-seismic 巨大的

11-demographic 人口的

Part of the equation is that Japanese society is undergoing a seismic demographic shift.

12-karaoke 卡啦OK

13-pastime 消遣，娱乐

Even Karaoke is going solo, a huge change to the classic Japanese pastime.

14-solitory 独自的

15-swap 把……换成

16-phone booth-sized 电话亭大小

But demand from solitary singers is growing, and so some companies swapped large group rooms for phone booth-sized personal recording studios.