1-Switzerland-based 位于瑞士的

2-in violation of 违反

3-arbitration 仲裁

Sun Yang, the first Chinese man to win an Olympic swimming gold medal and the first male swimmer in history to earn Olympic and world championship gold medals at every freestyle distance between 200 and 1,500 meters, has been banned from competition for eight years after the Switzerland-based court of Arbitration for sports found that he refused to cooperate with blood-sample collectors in violation of rules established by FINA, swimming's governing body.

4-be at issue 是讨论的焦点

5-residence 住所

At issue was attempt to collect a sample from Sun at his residence in September 2018.

6-testimony 法庭上的证词

7-smash 打碎

8-casing 壳，框

9-vial 小瓶

In testimony before the court, evidence was presented that a security guard was instructed by Sun's mother smashed the casing around a vial of his blood with a hammer.

10-marquee name 名人，重要人物

The governing body merely issued a warning to the swimmer, a decision that led many to wonder whether the FINA was trying to protect one of its marquee names.

11-lengthy 长篇的，漫长的

He posted a lengthy response to Friday's ruling on China's Sina Weibo social media platform, saying he plans to appeal.

12-overturn 推翻

CAS ruled that Sun's results since the incident will not be overturned because he had not actually tested positive for any banned substance.

13-doping 兴奋剂

14-protocol 协议

Chinese swimmer Sun Yang banned for eight years after court finds he violated doping protocols.